| Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (also called nucleoside analogs, NRTIs, or nukes) |
| Potential class side effects |
Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), enlarged, fatty liver, and lactic acidosis. |
Combivir (Retrovir and Epivir)
|
See Epivir and Retrovir. |
Emtriva (emtricitabine, FTC)
|
A very tolerable drug, but potential side effects include headache, diarrhea, nausea and rash. Darkening of the skin on the palms and the soles of the feet. |
Epivir (lamivudine, 3TC)
|
A very tolerable drug, but potential side effects include headache, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, hair loss, insomnia, malaise (general ill feeling), nasal symptoms, cough, peripheral neuropathy, low white blood cells and anemia. Children note pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas). |
Epzicom (Epivir and Ziagen)
|
See Epivir and Ziagen. |
Retrovir
(zidovudine or ZDV, AZT)
|
Do not take with Combivir or Trizivir, since zidovudine is already in these medications. Amphotericin B, Benemid, Biaxin, Cytovene, dapsone, Depakote, Dilantin, doxorubicin, flucytosine, ganciclovir, hydroxyurea, interferon-alpha, Mycobutin, pentamidine, Rebetol, ribavirin, rifampin, sulfadiazine, Valcyte, Vitrasert, and Zerit. |
Trizivir (Epivir, Retrovir, and Ziagen)
|
Headaches, fever, chills, muscle soreness, fatigue, nausea, fingernail discoloration, anemia, and neutropenia. |
Truvada (Viread and Emtriva)
|
See Viread and Emtriva. |
Videx & Videx EC
(didanosine, ddI)
|
Peripheral neuropathy, upset stomach, diarrhea, headache, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), eye changes and optic neuritis, increased uric acid levels, and insomnia. |
Viread (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, TDF)
|
Overall fairly well tolerated; however, individuals may experience the following: nausea, headache, rash, diarrhea, vomiting, asthenia (fatigue, weakness), flatulence (gas), abdominal distension/pain, loss of appetite, kidney toxicities, bone changes, pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas), and low blood phosphate. |
Zerit (stavudine, d4T)
|
Peripheral neuropathy, facial wasting, mitochondrial toxicities, headache, chills/fever, malaise, insomnia, anxiety, depression, rash, upset stomach, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and blood lipid increases. Children note peripheral neuropathy. |
| Ziagen (abacavir sulfate, ABC) |
Hypersensitivity reaction, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, headache, fever, rash, and loss of appetite. |
| Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (also called non-nucleoside analogs, NNRTIs, or non-nukes) |
| Potential class side effects |
Rash. |
Intelence (etravirine, TMC-125)
|
Rash, diarrhea, nausea, and headache. |
Rescriptor (delavirdine, DLV)
|
Headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, elevated liver enzymes, itchy skin or rash. |
Sustiva (efavirenz)
|
Central nervous system (CNS) and psychiatric symptoms. Rash, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, insomnia and increased triglyercides, good cholesterol (HDL) and liver enzymes. False positive tests for use of marijuana. Birth defects. |
Viramune (nevirapine)
|
Headache, nausea, vomiting, fever, rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and drug-induced hepatitis. |
| Dual-class Fixed Dose Combination |
Atripla (Sustiva/Truvada)
|
See Sustiva and Truvada (Emtriva and Viread). Atripla dose cannot be adjusted for people with kidney problems. Nausea, diarrhea, rash, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS). |
| Protease inhibitors (PIs) |
Potential class side effects
|
Increased levels of cholesterol and triglycerides (except possibly unboosted Reyataz), lipodystrophy, onset of new cases or worsening of diabetes, Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), and increased bleeding in hemophiliacs. |
Aptivus (tipranavir)
|
Gastrointestinal-related—mild diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fatigue. Headaches, dry mouth, rash (including sensitivity to sun), dizziness, hepatotoxicity, and bleeding in the brain. Aptivus has a “sulfa” component, and should be used with caution in patients with allergies to sulfa drugs. Also see Norvir. |
Crixivan (indinavir sulfate)
|
Headache, fatigue or weakness, malaise, nausea, diarrhea, stomach pains, loss of appetite, yellowing of skin/eyes, changed skin color, dry mouth/sore throat, taste changes, painful urination, indigestion, joint pain, hives, and liver toxicity. Itchy/dry skin, ingrown toenails and hair loss. Kidney stones. Increased bilirubin. |
Invirase (saquinavir)
|
Stomach related—diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and nausea. Also see Norvir. |
| Kaletra (lopinavir/ritonavir) |
Rash, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, headache, muscle weakness, increased cholesterol and triglycerides, and elevated liver function test. Also see Norvir. |
| Lexiva (fos-amprenavir calcium) |
Nausea, rash, diarrhea, headache, vomiting, fatigue, and abdominal pain. Lexiva has a “sulfa” component, and should be used with caution in patients with allergies to sulfa drugs. |
Norvir (ritonavir)
|
Weakness, stomach pain, upset stomach, tingling/numbness around the mouth, hands or feet, loss of appetite, taste disturbance, weight loss, headache, dizziness, pancreatitis, and alcohol intolerance. Liver problems, increased muscle enzymes, and uric acid. |
Prezista (darunavir)
|
Rash, diarrhea, nausea, headache, and common cold. Prezista contains a “sulfa” part to it and should be used cautiously in patients with “sulfa” allergies. See also Norvir. |
| Reyataz (atazanavir sulfate) |
Dizziness, lightheadedness, rash, kidney stones, and elevated liver function tests. Elevated levels of unconjugated bilirubin. |
| Viracept (nelfinavir) |
Diarrhea, stomach discomfort, nausea, gas, weakness, and rash. |
Fuzeon (enfuvirtide, T-20)
|
Injection site reactions (ISRs), Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), and pneumonia. Allergic reactions are possible. |
Selzentry (maraviroc)
|
Cough, fever, cold, rash, muscle and joint pain, stomach pain, dizziness, liver toxicity, allergic reaction, low blood pressure, diarrhea, edema (swelling), trouble sleeping, urinary problems. Possible increased risk of infections and cancer. |
Isentress (raltegravir, formerly MK-0518
|
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache, fever, abdominal pain, fatigue, weakness, dizziness, and lipodystrophy. |
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